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01257_Field_32.cap.txt
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1996-03-14
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195 lines
@
Castro is the only
left-wing leader
in the world to
have held power
continuously from
the day he won it.
Communist leaders
- entire communist
empires - have
passed away, but
Fidel and his
revolution are
still there
#
Cuba in the Fifties
was a right-wing
dictatorship. Fidel
Castro and a hand-
ful of followers
landed in Cuba
from Mexico in
1956, determined
to overthrow
General Fulgencio
Batista, the ruler.
Castro had led an
unsuccessful
revolt in 1953
#
In January 1959,
after three years
of guerrilla
warfare, Castro
overthrew Batista
and marched into
the capital,
Havana. Batista's
regime had been
hated, so Castro's
triumph was an
enormously
popular one
#
In the early part
of the revolution,
Castro had given
no sign of his
political orient-
ation. But two
years later,
in 1961, he
revealed his
intention to take
Cuba down the
communist path
#
The Soviet Union
was delighted
that Cuba was to
be a communist
state, because it
offered a the USSR
strategic foothold
only 90 miles from
the US coast. The
Soviet leader
Nikita Khrushchev
was pleased to
welcome Castro
to his residence
near Moscow
@
Many Cubans who
had welcomed the
overthrow of
General Batista
were alarmed by
Castro's plan
to impose
communism.
Thousands left
for the US, where
they began to plan
a revolt against
Fidel Castro
#
The US backed an
invasion of Cuba
by anti-Castro
exiles, which
landed at the Bay
of Pigs in April
1961. The plan
ended in failure,
and severely
embarrassed the
US government
#
As tension grew
between Cuba
and the US, the
USSR installed
nuclear missiles in
Cuba. They were
aimed at the US,
and were capable
of wiping out
American defences
in 17 minutes.
President Kennedy
ordered a blockade
of Cuba on seeing
photographic
evidence of the
missile base
#
The 'Cuban
missile crisis'
ended when the
Soviet leader
Nikita Khrushchev
backed down and
agreed to ship the
missiles back to
the Soviet Union
in exchange for a
promise from
Kennedy not to
invade Cuba
#
Having failed to
oust Castro by
more orthodox
methods, the
Central Intell-
igence Agency
CIA) made
several attempts
to assassinate or
disable Castro
@
Castro was very
critical of
Khrushchev for
giving in to the
US during the
Cuban missile
crisis. But he
won admiration
all over the world
for his own
independent
attitude
#
Although political
freedoms were
limited under
Castro, the
country made
enormous strides
in areas such as
health and
education. Cuba
continued to be
an inspiration to
revolutionaries
elsewhere
#
In the Sixties, Castro expected communism to spread through Latin America. His
long-standing comrade, Che Guevara, who had joined Castro in 1955, left Cuba to
foment revolution abroad. He became an icon of revolutionary idealism after his death
#
In 1962, President
Kennedy imposed
an economic
embargo on Cuba
which is still
in force. The long
years of privation
led eventually to
political unrest.
In 1994 Castro
decided to let
dissidents leave:
28,000 emigrants
on home-made
rafts were
rescued from
the Straits of
Florida by the
US Coastguard
@